Category: essays

norway maple monoculture

More Than A Game: Promoting Environmental Stewardship

The game of Stones can be played anywhere – from backyards to the beach, and even indoors (coming soon), but perhaps the best place to enjoy everything the game has to offer is in the woods.

After being chosen as a finalist in the Commission on Parks and Recreation’s Pitch Your Passion Philly contest, we set out with PP&R to find an appropriate site. The first site considered was a Stones course dream – forest canopy, plenty of room, a stream for water hazards, and rolling topography. Outside of gameplay, however, there were other factors to consider.

bittersweet vines
Oriental bittersweet vines extend into the canopy at the first proposed site

Sure, there was plenty of trash to remove and invasive vines to pull, but cleaning up any “unused” site isn’t always a good idea, especially for it’s inhabitants: wildlife. A quick survey revealed a healthy population of native oaks, maples, ash, and hickory, all key to a healthy bird population. The soggy seeps near the stream provided ideal habitat for salamanders and other amphibians, as did the stream. While it would have helped to remove the invasive bittersweet and honeysuckle vines creeping up into the canopy, the increased foot traffic (from the hundreds of people we expect to use the course on a regular basis!) would most likely have a negative impact to this mostly undisturbed habitat. Litter can be cleaned up in a day. Invasive vines can be managed with volunteers, but erosion and soil compaction from daily use aren’t easy obstacles to overcome.

In the end, we needed to find another home. In big cities like Phladelphia, habitats like this site, lacking shared borders with homes, businesses, or major roadways, are becoming increasingly rare, so while this spot would’ve made for a great private Stones course, the negatives of impact outweighed the potential for a course.

Fast-forward another week and we were visiting proposed site #2 – another “unused” woodlot, this time between the Boxer’s trail and Mt. Pleasant Drive. At first glance, it might seem like another trip back to the drawing board was coming as we looked over the endless yellow swath of fall foliage. With no other colors from the typical fall color palette to be found, we were looking at, in essence, a Norway Maple monoculture.

norway maple leaf
Acer platanoides (Norway maple) leaf

Introduced to Philadelphia by John Bartram in 1756, after bringing seedlings from London, the Norway maple soon became a popular tree for municipal plantings. An aggressive invasive species that shades out native tree saplings, shrubs, and plants, it can be distinguished from native maples by leaf characteristics, color, and the milky sap it leaks when twigs are torn. Norway maple germinates readily, and it’s winged fruits are spread by the wind. Reaching 60-80’ at maturity, the Fairmount Park Stones course is a perfect example of how quickly they can take over if left unmanaged.

Working with Parks & Rec, we’ve held four workdays so far this year. At the course entrance, what was once a degraded forest edge dominated by devil’s walking stick, Ailanthus, Asian honeysuckle and bittersweet, multiflora rose, and English ivy, is now mostly cleared, thanks to volunteers willing to cut, prune, pull, and learn something new along the way. In the near future, we hope to continue the momentum by planting native species in place of what we removed, and to help insure the success of existing native plant communities by eliminating competition from invasive species.

stones land stewardship
Invasive vines and devil’s walking stick dominate the forest edge

Aside from being an awesome game, Stones is a vehicle for environmental stewardship – a big part of what we hope to do. We accomplished a lot in just four weekends with a handful of people. With any luck, the game’s popularity will grow once people finally get a chance to play on a public course this season. Imagine what we could do with 100 dedicated volunteers putting in volunteer hours each year to fulfill their league membership requirements!

removing invasive vines
Volunteers remove invasive vines at our first maintenance day in 2015

In Philadelphia, the health of our parks is dependent in large part to citizen involvement. If we can get people outside to play a game that brings awareness to the issues surrounding our natural areas, I believe we can have a tremendous impact… and have fun while we do it.

Size Matters: Philly Stones

Size Matters

Does size matter? In certain circumstances, this is a hotly-debated question. In the game of Stones, not so much. In your bucket sits four stones: one at 90 millimeters in diameter, two at 100 millimeters and one at 110 millimeters. While the difference is subtle, size definitely does matter. During each round of play, two of your four stones are thrown. Which two you choose could result in the difference between scoring 6 points or watching your opponent do so. Choose wisely.

All things being fairly equal (a semi-level playing field, no low hanging branches etc.) it is probably best to throw your two 100mm stones as often as possible to get fully accustomed to their size and weight. These are your “go to” stones and in most cases do quite well. Also, unless there is some strange circumstance where you would throw a big (110 mm) and a small (90mm) as your two stones (very rarely advisable) , you will have to throw at least one 100 mm stone each and every round. Knowing this stone well will be of great service to you. With beginners, it is recommended to throw 100 mm stones exclusively for a few games until you have a solid handle. Only then are you ready to go next level.

The game of Stones does not always follow the ways of our modern world. Big is not always better, and there are plenty of times when you really must go small. Because this game is often played within tight spaces, sometimes the 90 mm stone is the only one that will fit. Skinny pockets between rocks or a sliver of a space between tree roots may be the best play and in these instances–that is when the 90 needs to come out of your bag. There may also be situations where a number of your opponents’ stones are clustered around the target stone (the mark) but a few inches of space remain, or the opponent’s stone sits a few inches away from a boulder and you literally need to stick your stone between a rock and a hard place. These are the obvious examples of when the 90 mm stone is your best bet. However, there are much more subtle and harder to notice instances when the 90 is best as well. These occasions will take time and plenty of practice to identify. They have everything to do with slope. A heavier ball will travel much farther on a downward slope than a lighter one. If the mark stops midway down a decline or is perched just at the top of a small hill, the light 90 may give you your best chance to stick your ball in close proximity the mark. It also has the best chance of getting stopped in its tracks by a twig or pebble on such precarious shots. The 90 mm stone is a special one, but you should also recognize its limitations. Stones is a game of high contact. Stones are always intentionally striking stones.   When this occurs, the smaller the ball the worse it will fair and the farther it will get knocked away.

Stones: Size MattersSo concerning stone to stone contact, a critical element of the game, the bigger the stone the better. The 110 mm stone is your “bomb” or your “wall.” If a cluster of opponents’ stones surround the mark with no room for you to penetrate, and you have one stone remaining, you just might want to blow the whole thing up by dropping your large, heavy 110 on the whole cluster. The sheer size of these stones makes them challenging to move as well. They are useful early in rounds to create virtually immovable barriers between the mark and your opponent. These monsters also fair well when thrown through heavy grasses or light tree branches. While smaller stones may not get through, these guys generally clear their own path. Much like the 90, the 110 is not perfect. Their size can make them a bit more unwieldy, so expect a slight reduction in accuracy when they leave your hand.

When the hard decision to choose the right stone needs to be made, recognize that it is not rocket science. This is a basic game that follows the most basic laws of physics. Remain logical and your stones will take good care of you.

Stones Philly Open 2010

The Three-Headed Monster – An Essay on Stones, By Chris Kinka

We play games. Whether it is strictly for entertainment purposes, to pad one’s ego by winning, or to fill time, we all play games. These games we play come in every shape and size. We play them by ourselves, against another, in pairs against other pairs, or with groups of people against another group. We play them inside or outside. Some involve gross physical movement while others are relatively sedentary affairs. Some are more of a mental challenge, some more physical, and most are some combination of both. Games, in all of their varieties, are as much a part of the human experience as anything else. To be human is to play them.

With all that could possibly constitute a game, it seems that there must be something that is in opposition to the player. This could be another player, it could be the puzzle itself that needs to be solved, or it could be one’s own mind. For instance, in chess, a player is trying to outwit his/her opponent. The opponent serves as one point of opposition. There is another though. If the player’s chess opponent seems to be a superior, the player must not allow themselves to be intimidated. They have a mental battle going on against both the opponent and against themselves. The same can be said of the reverse scenario. If the player’s chess opponent is deemed inferior, then it is easy for the player to let down their guard, play too relaxed, and then make a costly error. Chess is a game against two opponents simultaneously.

Then there is golf, a game that is equally as much of a mental challenge as it is a physical. In both, the opposition is still just one’s self. The self is the first point of opposition. Then, there is the golf course itself, with its rolling hills, thick fringe grasses, water hazards, sand traps, and sloping greens. A player may be in control of themselves, but a given course may prove too mighty of a challenge. These are a golfer’s two opponents. Now golfers may say that they are in constant competition with the other golfers in their round. This is true, in a way, but not directly. A golfer may play well, conquer a course and lose a round to another who played better. In this case, they lost to their opponent, but the opponent did not directly affect their round. The opponent did not knock the player’s golf ball away or stand in the player’s way, obstructing his/her vision. If the opponent’s masterful play affected the player’s round, it was that the player let it get to their head and they lost their own mental battle.

Most team sports such as football pit groups of players against another group both physically and mentally. This type of opposition is apparent, as players on both teams are engaged with each other physically and affect each others’ physical movements. This is also a mental game, as players are often battling with themselves, specifically after mistakes are made. One mistake often leads to another as they begin to “overthink.” The field, however, is flat, with uniform boundaries and a fairly uniform playing surface. This typically does not serve as much of an obstacle. This can change when mother nature gets involved. Strong winds, heavy rains and snow can quickly turn a benign playing surface into a fierce point of opposition. On days like this, players of these types of games clearly face three distinct opponents, but this is a special circumstance. It is not everyday that the football player faces the three-headed monster.

This brings us to the game of Stones. Once you play it, it becomes quite clear that the three-headed monster is staring you down every single game. Much like other games, it is critical that players keep their mental edge and confidence. A few bad throws and confidence can dwindle. The issue with stones is that even a strong throw that hits right where a player is aiming can become worthless as either the course does something nasty with it or the opponent does. The courses, as obstacle-laden as any golf course, can prove to be a ruthless opponent. Its steep slopes and unpredictable surfaces can quickly take a throw that appears on target and send it well off course and into the bottom of a body of water. Hanging tree branches and uneven footing constantly force players to throw in ways that are unnatural. Boulders, tree trunks and other visual obstructions make certain throws a mere guessing game. While players may enter a game as confident as could be, the course itself could quickly steal it. Then, of course, there are times when one believes that they have conquered their own mind and the course. They have thrown a perfect ball that even a great distance away is kissing (touching) the mark. In golf, this is equivalent to the tee shot on a par 3 that comes to rest at the edge of the cup. The throw seems perfect, but in this game, the monster can rear its third ugly head. After a player’s masterful shot, their opponent can throw one better, striking the player’s ball with their own, dislodging it from its spot and sending it well out of play. Right when a player thinks he/she has slain two of the heads, the third appears and conquers the player.

Imagine golf where your perfect approach shot could be knocked away by your opponent. Imagine football played on a field of stones, hills, and valleys. The three headed monster does not exist in most games. It does however, in Stones.